Misc

=Network=

TFTP Server Installation
sudo apt-get install tftpd-hpa sudo apt-get install tftp

sudo nano /etc/defualt/tftpd-hpa

TFTP_USERNAME="tftp" TFTP_DIRECTORY="/home/amana/Public" TFTP_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0:69" TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure --create"

sudo service tftpd-hpa restart

tftp 192.168.1.2 tftp> get test Sent 159 bytes in 0.0 seconds tftp> quit cat test

Ser2Net
Terminal servers:

The main advantage of a terminal server is that you can get console access to your hardware from a distance, using a network connection. It doesn’t matter if you are in the next room or in another country as long as you have connectivity to your terminal server. You have 3 options: Use a terminal server specifically made to do that. Cisco, Cyclades or another brand, it doesn’t really matter. Use a Cisco router as a terminal server by adding serial cards. Make your own terminal server using a PC.

It is easy to set up the terminal server using a program called Ser2net. Once your USB adapters are detected by Linux (check with dmesg), they are usually named ttyUSB0, ttyUSB1 etc. Next step is to install ser2net: apt-get install ser2net.

Configuring Ser2net: Ser2net is a service that maps TCP ports to your USB ports. You need to make changes in its configuration file.

sudo nano /etc/ser2net.conf

The file should look like the following, for instance if you have 5 USB adapters: 2000:telnet:0:/dev/ttyUSB0:9600 8DATABITS NONE 1STOPBIT banner 2001:telnet:0:/dev/ttyUSB1:9600 8DATABITS NONE 1STOPBIT banner 2002:telnet:0:/dev/ttyUSB2:9600 8DATABITS NONE 1STOPBIT banner 2003:telnet:0:/dev/ttyUSB3:9600 8DATABITS NONE 1STOPBIT banner 2004:telnet:0:/dev/ttyUSB4:9600 8DATABITS NONE 1STOPBIT banner

The first number corresponds to the TCP port to reach respective switches linked by USB serial adapters.

Finally restart set2net. sudo /etc/init.d/ser2net restart

Let’s suppose your terminal server has the 192.168.1.2 IP address, you should be able to connect to your Cisco device using telnet. telnet 192.168.1.2 2000 ser2net port 2000 device /dev/ttyUSB0 [9600 N81] (Debian GNU/Linux) SW1#

Minicom: USB Serial Console
Purchase a USB to Serial adapter that supports Linux & do not require a driver in Linux Make sure the item is plugged in at boot time

Install Minicom: dmesg | grep tty name="/dev/ttyUSB0"

sudo minicom -s select "Serial Port Setup" Change the line speed (press E) & change to "9600" Change the hardware flow control (press F) & change to "No" Change the serial device (press A) & change to "/dev/ttyS0" Or to use your USB port, change the serial device to "/dev/ttyUSB0" "Escape" "Save setup as dfl" "Exit Minicom"

To find out if you have configured Minicom correctly: sudo minicom you should be connected to your Cisco device.

If you see a bunch of gibberish every time you connect to a device:

sudo minicom -s "Modem and dialing" Press "A" to edit the Init string, delete all characters "Save setup as dfl"

Firefox Speedup
about:config network.http.pipelining -> true network.http.pipelining.maxrequests -> 8 (default=32) network.http.proxy.pipelining -> true network.dns.disableIPv6 -> true plugin.expose_full_path -> true Right click -> New -> Integer -> "nglayout.initialpaint.delay" ->  0 in value Right click -> New -> Integer -> "content.notify.backoffcount" ->  5 in value Right click -> New -> Integer -> ui.submenuDelay -> 0 in value

Some more Tweaks
 * Enable the spellchecker for inputfields and textareas (default is textareas only) layout.spellcheckDefault=2 (default=1)
 * Open lastfm://-links directly in amarok -> network.protocol-handler.app.lastfm=amarok  & network.protocol-handler.external.lastfm=true

Firefox Memory Leak Fix
This is where you decide how much memory to allocate to Firefox. This depends on how much RAM your computer has. A good recommended setting is 16MB. If you want 16MB, enter this value into the dialog prompt: 16384 then close all instances of Firefox and restart. If your Firefox still uses the same amount of memory, give it a few minutes and it should slowly clear up. If that fails, try a system reboot.
 * Right-click -> New -> Integer -> browser.cache.memory.capacity

Firefox open Tabs in Background
about:config browser.tabs.loadDivertedInBackground   =>   true

Test IPv6 Web access
nslookup > set type=AAAA > www.facebook.com

Ntop
sudo apt-get install ntop -y sudo ntop --set-admin-password sudo ntop -u ntop -d

Change interfaces: sudo gedit /var/lib/ntop/init.cfg

sudo /etc/init.d/ntop start

http://127.0.0.1:3000

For Latest Version: sudo apt-get install libpcap-dev libgdbm-dev libevent-dev librrd-dev python-dev libgeoip-dev svn co https://svn.ntop.org/svn/ntop/trunk/ntop ./autogen.sh make install the latest libpcap from internet make install

Netstat
List out all connections from different protocols like tcp, udp and unix sockets: netstat -a

List only TCP or UDP connections netstat -at netstat -au

Disable reverse dns lookup for faster output netstat -ant

List out only listening connections netstat -tnl

Get process name/pid and user id sudo netstat -nlpt  =PID sudo netstat -ltpe  =User

Print statistics netstat -s

Display kernel routing information netstat -rn

Print network interfaces netstat -i netstat -ie  = Human friendly

Get netstat output continuously netstat -ct

Display multicast group information netstat -g

Print active connections netstat -atnp | grep ESTA

Check if a service is running sudo netstat -aple | grep ntp

a - All
 * Parameters:

t - TCP

u - UDP

n - No DNS lookup

l - Listening

i - Interface

o - PID (windows)

p - PID (Linux)

s - statistics

DIG
View Short Output dig redhat.com +short

Display Only the ANSWER SECTION dig redhat.com +nocomments +noquestion +noauthority +noadditional +nostats dig redhat.com +noall +answer

Use a Specific DNS server Using dig @dnsserver dig @ns1.redhat.com redhat.com

DNS Reverse Look-up dig -x 209.132.183.81 +short

View ALL DNS Records Types dig redhat.com ANY +noall +answer dig @ns1.redhat.com redhat.com ANY +noall +answer

Query MX Records dig redhat.com MX +noall +answer

=Misc=

Install NST to Flash or HDD
 livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr --noverify --overlay-size-mb 1024 --home-size-mb 256 --unencrypted-home /tmp/nst-2.13.0.x86_64.iso /dev/sdc1

Play RAR Video
sudo apt-get install unrar vlc unrar p -inul /example/path/to/Some.Scene.Release/some.sr.r00 | vlc - p     = outputs the extraction data of the file -inul = disables error messages can only pause and play the file, but not rewind or fast forward.

Shortcut: gedit ~/.bashrc PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin mkdir ~/bin gedit ~/bin/rarvideo unrar p -inul $1 | vlc - chmod u+x ~/bin/rarvideo bash rarvideo somerarfile.r00 you can also right click a rar file in nautilus and choose "open with" and type in rarvideo
 * 1) ! /bin/sh

Change IP address of Tor
(echo authenticate '"password"'; echo signal newnym; echo quit) | nc localhost 9051

Edit Grub
Press Alt+F2 > gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

GRUB_DEFAULT=0                                                       ==>> Default OS    GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10                                                      ==>> Grub Menu Timeout GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

sudo update-grub

Enable Desktop Notifications in VLC on Ubuntu
VLC > Tools > Preferences. Click the circle next to ‘all’. search > Enter ‘notify’ Select 'Control Interfaces’ and check the box next to ‘LibNotify Notification Plugin’.

CLI QR Encoder
​sudo apt-get install qrencode qrencode -t ANSI "Hello World"​

Create Hotspot in Ubuntu
Source ubuntuhandbook.org

iw list | grep AP
 * Verify if AP mode is supported:

sudo apt-get install plasma-nm kde-nm-connection-editor
 * Install Connection Editor:


 * Click Add button and choose “Wireless (shared)” from the drop-down list.


 * Type in a name, ssid, and select Access Point mode. Set up a password under Wireless Security tab if required.


 * Connected to Wired internet.


 * Click Network Manager applet on Unity panel and then choose the connection you created in previous step and click Connect button.

PPPoE Router Testing
I used this Lab to verify if my WiFi router is working properly or is faulty.

My ISP was insisting that the router is faulty.

So I decided to test it myself using GNS3.



username Cust1 password 0 ciscopppoe
 * ISP Router Config - PPPoE Server - R1

bba-group pppoe global virtual-template 1 interface Ethernet0/0 no ip address pppoe enable group global

interface Virtual-Template1 mtu 1492 ip address 10.0.0.254 255.255.255.0 peer default ip address pool PPPoEPOOL ppp authentication chap callin

ip local pool PPPoEPOOL 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.10

interface Ethernet0/0 no ip address half-duplex pppoe enable group global pppoe-client dial-pool-number 1
 * PPPoE Client(to verify configuration of R1) - R2

interface Dialer1 mtu 1492 ip address negotiated encapsulation ppp dialer pool 1 ppp authentication chap callin ppp chap hostname Cust1 ppp chap password 0 ciscopppoe ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1

debug ppp authentication debug pppoe events
 * Now Test the PPPoE Server by running following commands:
 * ISP Router:

show pppoe session show ip interface brief
 * PPPoE Client:


 * If the above setup is working as expected, Open the WebUI of the Router and assign the username as "Cust1" and password "ciscopppoe" to the PPPoE connection.
 * Now connect a LAN Cable from the Internet port of your Router to the LAN Port of your PC.
 * If the Router/Ports are fine, the connection should be UP now. Verify from the debug commands.

Installing WebKeePass
Source: Raman-kumar.blogspot.in

Installing WebKeePass Server in CentOS:

sudo yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel java -version
 * Installing Java JDK:

find / -name java | grep -i jdk /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64/bin/java /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64/jre/bin/java
 * Setting JAVA_HOME:

nano .bash_profile JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64 or

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64

Verify: echo $JAVA_HOME /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64

wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/webkeepass/files/WebKeePass-3.121122.zip/download
 * Download webkeepass from http://sourceforge.net/projects/webkeepass/

unzip WebKeePass-3.121122.zip cd WebKeePass-3.121122 chmod 777 Install.sh ./Install.sh

Select Y Installation Path:     /usr/local/webkeepass-3.12 JAVA_HOME' Path:       /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64

chmod u+x ./jakarta-tomcat-5.5.7/bin/*.sh chmod u+x ./startup.sh ./startup.sh Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/webkeepass-3.12/jakarta-tomcat-5.5.7 Using CATALINA_HOME:  /usr/local/webkeepass-3.12/jakarta-tomcat-5.5.7 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/webkeepass-3.12/jakarta-tomcat-5.5.7/temp Using JAVA_HOME:      /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.6.0-openjdk-1.6.0.0.x86_64

/usr/local/webkeepass-3.12/jakarta-tomcat-5.5.7/bin/shutdown.sh
 * To stop service/tomcat

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8443 -j ACCEPT
 * Add exception in the iptables firewall:

https://x.x.x.x:8443
 * The WebUI must be accessbible from the following URL: