Data Types

Void

The void keyword is used only in function declarations.
It indicates that the function is expected to return no information to the function from which it was called.

Void Loop ( ) {
   // rest of the code
}

Boolean

Boolean holds one of two values, true or false.
Each Boolean variable occupies one byte of memory.

boolean val = false;
boolean state = true;

Char

A data type that takes up one byte of memory that stores a character value.
Character literals are written in single quotes like: 'A'
For multiple characters, strings use double quotes: "ABC".
However, characters are stored as numbers.
You can see the specific encoding in the ASCII chart.
This means that it is possible to do arithmetic operations on characters, in which the ASCII value of the character is used.
For example, 'A' + 1 has the value 66, since the ASCII value of the capital letter A is 65.

Char chr_a = ‘a’;
Char chr_a = 97;

Unsigned char

Unsigned char is an unsigned data type that occupies one byte of memory.
The unsigned char data type encodes numbers from 0 to 255.

unsigned char chr_y = 121;

Byte

A byte stores an 8-bit unsigned number, from 0 to 255.

byte m = 25;

Int

Integers are the primary data-type for number storage.
Int stores a 16-bit (2-byte) value.
This yields a range of -32,768 to 32,767.
Minimum value of -2^15 and a maximum value of (2^15)-1.
The int size varies from board to board.

int counter = 32;

Unsigned int

Unsigned integers are the same as int in the way that they store a 2 byte value.
Instead of storing negative numbers they only store positive values
Yielding a useful range of 0 to 65,535 (2^16) - 1).

unsigned int counter = 60;

Word

A word stores a 16-bit unsigned number.

word w = 1000;

Long

Long variables are extended size variables for number storage, and store 32 bits (4 bytes).
From -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.

long velocity = 102346;

Unsigned long

Unsigned long variables are extended size variables for number storage and store 32 bits (4 bytes).
They will not store negative numbers, making their range from 0 to 4,294,967,295 (2^32 - 1).

unsigned long velocity = 101006;

Short

A short is a 16-bit data-type.
This yields a range of -32,768 to 32,767 (minimum value of -2^15 and a maximum value of (2^15) - 1).

short val = 13;

Float

Data type for floating-point number is a number that has a decimal point.
Floating-point numbers are often used to approximate the analog and continuous values because they have greater resolution than integers.
Floating-point numbers can be as large as 3.4028235E+38 and as low as -3.4028235E+38.
They are stored as 32 bits (4 bytes) of information.

float num = 1.352;

Double

Double precision floating-point number occupies four bytes.

That is, the double implementation is exactly the same as the float, with no gain in precision. On the Arduino Due, doubles have 8-byte (64 bit) precision.

double num = 45.352;

Array

String-char array

String-object

Variables & Constants

	This section is under construction.

Operators

	This section is under construction.

Control Statements

If Statements

Form 1

if (expression)
   statement;

Form 2

You can use the if statement without braces { } if you have one statement.

if (expression) {
   Block of statements;
}

If Else Statement

if (expression) {
   Block of statements;
}
else {
   Block of statements;
}

If Else-If Else Statements

if (expression_1) {
   Block of statements;
}

else if(expression_2) {
   Block of statements;
}
.
.
.

else {
   Block of statements;
}

Switch Case Statement

switch (variable) { 
   case label:
   // statements
   break;
}

case label: { 
   // statements
   break;
}

default: { 
   // statements
   break;
}

Loops

	This section is under construction.

Functions

	This section is under construction.

Strings

	This section is under construction.

String Objects

	This section is under construction.

References

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