Django
Source: djangoproject.com
Installing
Installation:
sudo pip3 install django
Check installed version:
python3 -m django --version
Creating project
mkdir ~/mycode cd ~/mycode #Do not put code under /var/www django-admin startproject mysite
Avoid using names like
django: conflict with Django itself test: conflicts with a built-in Python package
Startproject command will create:
mysite/ manage.py mysite/ __init__.py settings.py urls.py wsgi.py
These files are:
- The outer mysite/: Just a container for the project. It can be renamed it to anything.
- manage.py: Command-line utility that allows to interact with this Django project in various ways.
- The inner mysite/ directory is the actual Python package for the project. This is the Python package name to use to import anything inside it (e.g. mysite.urls).
- mysite/__init__.py: Empty file that tells Python that this directory should be considered a Python package.
- mysite/settings.py: Settings/configuration for this Django project.
- mysite/urls.py: The URL declarations for this Django project; a “table of contents” of your Django-powered site.
- mysite/wsgi.py: An entry-point for WSGI-compatible web servers to serve your project.
Running Project
cd ~/mycode/mysite/ python3 manage.py runserver http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Changing the port
python3 manage.py runserver 8080
Listen on all available public IPs:
python3 manage.py runserver 0:8000 python3 manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
Automatic reloading of runserver:
The server automatically reloads Python code for each request as needed. No need to restart the server for code changes to take effect. Some actions like adding files don’t trigger a restart, need to restart the server in these cases.
Invalid http_host Header error:
Need to add 198.211.99.20 to ALLOWED_HOSTS setting in project settings.py file cd ~/mycode/mysite/mysite nano settings.py ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['198.211.99.20', 'localhost', '127.0.0.1']
Creating an App
cd mytool
python3 manage.py startapp myapp
- This is the simplest view possible in Django.
- Edit the /mytool/myapp/views.py file:
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello world!")
- To call the view, we need to map it to a URL - and for this we need a URLconf.
- To create a URLconf in the polls directory, create a file called urls.py.
- Create the /mytool/myapp/urls.py file:
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
]
- The next step is to point the root URLconf at the myapp.urls module.
- In mytool/urls.py, add an import for django.urls.include and insert an include() in the urlpatterns list,
- Edit the /mytool/mytool/urls.py file and modify it to look like this:
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.urls import include
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^myapp/', include('myapp.urls')),
]
Test the site:
http://10.140.197.8:8080/myapp/
Understanding Parameters
- The path() function is passed four arguments,
two required: route and view two optional: kwargs, and name.
- Route:
Route is a string that contains a URL pattern. When processing a request, Django starts at the first pattern in urlpatterns and makes its way down the list, comparing the requested URL against each pattern until it finds one that matches. Patterns don’t search GET and POST parameters, or the domain name. For example, in a request to https://www.example.com/myapp/, the URLconf will look for myapp/. In a request to https://www.example.com/myapp/?page=3, the URLconf will also look for myapp/.
- View:
When Django finds a matching pattern, it calls the specified view function with an HttpRequest object as the first argument and any “captured” values from the route as keyword arguments.
- Kwargs:
Arbitrary keyword arguments can be passed in a dictionary to the target view.
- Name:
Naming your URL lets you refer to it unambiguously from elsewhere in Django, especially from within templates. This powerful feature allows you to make global changes to the URL patterns of your project while only touching a single file.
Deploy Django project
This section is under construction. |
- References
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